Physicists in the military work in a variety of settings, both indoors and outdoors, depending on the area of specialization. Many physicists perform their work in laboratories or offices. Other physicists spend extensive hours outdoors collecting and analyzing data in the field. Although they observe strict safety precautions, some physicists may be exposed to hazardous substances.

Officers typically enter the Military after they have completed a four-year college degree; enlisted service members can transition to officer positions through a variety of pathways and earn a degree while serving. Job training for physicists primarily consists of classroom instruction and on-the-job learning in various training environments. Like other officers, they complete a comprehensive training program covering responsibilities, military structure and etiquette, traditions, and leadership development.